Vertical Relationships and Competition in Retail Gasoline Markets: Empirical Evidence from Contract Changes in Southern California
利用南加州汽油零售商合同变更的数据，实证研究纵向关系如何影响零售市场的竞争格局，对产业组织和反垄断政策研究者有参考价值。
Vertical Relationships and Competition in Retail Gasoline Markets: Empirical Evidence from Contract Changes in Southern California by Justine S. Hastings. Published in volume 94, issue 1, pages 317-328 of American Economic Review, March 2004