The Network Governance of Crisis Response: Case Studies of Incident Command Systems
研究了事件指挥系统（ICS）这一结构性创新在不同危机中的应用，分析了其作为高度集权的网络治理机制如何运作，以及网络特性如何影响其协调、权威分配和信任作用。
This article examines the application of a structural innovation known as Incident Command Systems (ICS) in different crises. The ICS seeks to coordinate multiple response organizations under a temporary hierarchical structure. The ICS is of practical interest because it has become the dominant mechanism by which crisis response is organized in the United States. It is of theoretical interest because it provides insights into how a highly centralized mode of network governance operates. Despite the hierarchical characteristics of the ICS, the network properties of crisis response fundamentally affects its operations, in terms of the coordination difficulties that multiple members bring, the ways in which authority is shared and contested between members, and the importance of trust in supplementing formal modes of control.