Charity and Favoritism in the Field: Are Female Economists Nicer (To Each Other)?
利用大量作者-审稿人配对数据，研究审稿人和作者的性别如何影响审稿推荐，发现实验室外的客观性规范可能克服性别偏袒或歧视。
Using a very large sample of matched author-referee pairs, we examine how referees' and authors' genders affect the referees' recommendations. Relying on changing author-referee matches, we find no evidence of gender differences among referees in charitableness, nor is there any effect of the interaction between the referees' and authors' genders. With substantial laboratory research showing gender differences in fairness, the results suggest that outside the laboratory, an ethos of objectivity can overcome possible tendencies toward same-group favoritism or opposite-group discrimination. © 2011 The President and Fellows of Harvard College and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.