Investor Relations, Firm Visibility, and Investor Following
研究小公司通过投资者关系项目吸引机构投资者，发现直接接触管理层比增加信息披露更有效，能提升机构持股、分析师关注和媒体曝光。
ABSTRACT We examine the actions and outcomes of investor relations (IR) programs in smaller, less-visible firms. Through interviews with IR professionals, we learn that IR strategies have a common goal of attracting institutional investors and that direct access to management, rather than increased disclosure, is viewed as the key driver of the strategy's success. We test for the effects of IR programs by examining small-cap companies that hired IR firms in a differences-in-differences research design with controls for changes in disclosure and determinants of the decision to initiate IR. Relative to a matched sample of control firms, we find that companies initiating IR programs exhibit greater increases in institutional investor ownership and a shift toward investors that normally would not follow the companies. We also find greater improvements in analyst following, media coverage, and the book-to-price ratio. Our results indicate that IR activities successfully improve visibility, investor following, and market value. Data Availability: All analyses are based on publicly available data.