Capacity and Utilization in Health Care: The Effect of Empty Beds on Neonatal Intensive Care Admission
利用新生儿重症监护室（NICU）容量的短期波动，研究发现空床对最危重新生儿的入院率影响很小，但会增加出生体重处于临界区间的新生儿入院率，揭示了容量对医疗利用的因果效应。
Because geographic variation in medical care utilization is jointly determined by both supply and demand, it is difficult to empirically estimate whether capacity itself has a causal impact on utilization in health care. In this paper, I exploit short-term variation in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) capacity that is unlikely to be correlated with unobserved demand determinants. I find that available NICU beds have little to no effect on NICU utilization for the sickest infants, but do increase utilization for those in the range of birth weights where admission decisions are likely to be more discretionary.