Specific Experience, Household Structure, and Intergenerational Transfers: Farm Family Land and Labor Arrangements in Developing Countries
构建代际交叠模型，说明土地稀缺的发展中国家常见现象（家庭代际扩展、家庭劳动力成本优势、土地销售稀缺）是代际间最优隐性契约的体现，并利用印度农户面板数据估计老年亲属农场经验对农业利润的贡献，检验理论对土地交易和家庭扩展的含义。
An overlapping generations model incorporating returns to specific experience is used to demonstrate how three salient phenomena in land-scarce developing countries--the predominance of intergenerational family extension, cost advantages of family relative to hired labor, and the scarcityof land sales--may be manifestations of an optimal implicit contract between generations which maximizes the gains from farmspecific, experientally obtained knowledge.A method for estimating the contribution to agricultural profits of the farm experience embodied in elderly kin based on a three-year panel of household data from India is proposed and implemented.Implications of the theory for market transactions in land and for family extension are also tested using individual farm data and time-series information on rainfall.