Who gets to the top? Generalists versus specialists in managerial organizations
研究组织中个体专业知识广度与深度的差异如何影响组织价值与领导选拔，发现组织越复杂、不确定性越高或沟通技术越好，领导者越需要广博知识，且层级越高者知识越广。
We study organizations with individuals whose expertise differ in content and breadth. For example, specialists have deeper expertise than generalists, but in fewer areas. Difficulties in communication depend on who communicates with whom. Our analysis, which is consistent with several empirical findings, shows that: (i) an organization is more valuable and its leader has broader expertise if it is more complex, faces more unpredictability, or communication technologies improve; (ii) those higher in multilayered hierarchies have broader expertise; and (iii) any one‐dimensional concept (e.g., talent) cannot explain the assignment of different individuals to different levels in hierarchies.