The Earnings Effects of Sexual Orientation
利用1989-96年综合社会调查数据，发现男同性恋收入比异性恋男性低14%-16%，女同性恋收入比异性恋女性高20%-34%，并探讨了家庭分工和婚姻歧视两种解释。
This investigation of the effect of sexual orientation on earnings employs General Social Survey data from 1989-96. Depending largely on the definition of sexual orientation used, earnings are estimated as having been between 14% and 16% lower for gay men than for heterosexual men, and between 20% and 34% higher for lesbian women than for heterosexual women. This evidence, the authors suggest, is consistent with either of two complementary constructions: Gary Becker's argument that male/female earnings differentials are rooted in specialization within households and in optimal human capital accumulation decisions individuals make when they are young; and Claudia Goldin's observations about marriage-based gender discrimination, according to which the paternalistic protection of wives and mothers from the world of work has tended to overlook lesbians.