Economic reforms and labour markets: policy issues and lessons from Chile
分析智利过去二十年劳动力市场改革，发现降低工资税和分散化工资谈判增加了市场灵活性并降低了失业率，但工作保障改革对总失业率无显著影响。
Chilean lessons Labour markets reforms Over the last twenty years sweeping reforms have deeply transformed the labour market in Chile. A visible outcome has been the reduction of Chile’s rate of unemployment from ‘European’ to ‘US’ levels. Even though the political context makes this experiment special, are there economic lessons to be learnt? This paper concentrates on reforms to job security, on the decentralization of the wage bargaining process, and on the reduction in payroll taxes. It concludes that the reduction of payroll taxes (within the context of the social security reform), and the decentralization of bargaining increased labour market flexibility and contributed to the reduction of unemployment. On the other side, the analysis suggests that the reform on job security had no significant effect on the aggregate rate of unemployment. — Sebastian Edwards and Alejandra Cox Edwards