Identity Politics and Trade Policy
将社会认同理论引入贸易政策分析，认为个体福利包含物质和心理社会两部分，身份认同模式的变化（如收入不平等加剧或阶级、民族紧张）会显著改变贸易政策。
Abstract We characterize trade policies that result from political competition when assessments of well-being include both material and psychosocial components. The material component reflects, as usual, satisfaction from consumption. Borrowing from social identity theory, we take the psychosocial component as combining the pride and self-esteem an individual draws from the status of groups with which she identifies and a dissonance cost she bears from identifying with those that are different from herself. In this framework, changes in social identification patterns that may result, for example, from increased income inequality or heightened class or ethnic tensions, lead to pronounced changes in trade policy. We analyse the nature of these policy changes.