On the Real Effects of Bank Bailouts: Micro Evidence from Japan
利用1990年代日本银行危机，研究发现资本注入规模相对于银行初始财务状况至关重要：足够大的注入能恢复资本要求、增加信贷和投资，而太小则无法增加信贷，反而鼓励不良贷款滚动。
Exploiting the Japanese banking crisis of the 1990s as a laboratory, we investigate the effects of bank bailouts on the supply of credit and the performance of banks' clients. Our findings indicate that the size of capital injections relative to the initial financial condition of banks is crucial for the success of bank bailouts. Capital injections that are large enough to reestablish bank capital requirements increase the supply of credit and spur investment. In contrast, not only do capital injections that are too small fail to increase the supply of credit, but they also encourage the evergreening of nonperforming loans.