Power Laws in Economics and Finance
综述了经济学和金融学中大量令人惊讶的实证规律：幂律，涵盖收入、财富、城市规模、公司规模、股市回报、交易量、国际贸易和高管薪酬，并讨论了随机增长、优化和超级明星经济学等理论机制，指出了未来研究的方向。
A power law (PL) is the form taken by a large number of surprising empirical regularities in economics and finance. This review surveys well-documented empirical PLs regarding income and wealth, the size of cities and firms, stock market returns, trading volume, international trade, and executive pay. It reviews detail-independent theoretical motivations that make sharp predictions concerning the existence and coefficients of PLs, without requiring delicate tuning of model parameters. These theoretical mechanisms include random growth, optimization, and the economics of superstars, coupled with extreme value theory. Some empirical regularities currently lack an appropriate explanation. This article highlights these open areas for future research.