How Regional Blocs Affect Excluded Countries: The Price Effects of MERCOSUR
通过分析南方共同市场对非成员国出口到巴西的定价影响，发现该区域集团导致非成员国出口价格显著下降，揭示了区域贸易协定对非成员国的福利效应。
The welfare effects of PTAs are most directly linked to changes in trade prices, i.e., the terms of trade. This paper employs a simple strategic pricing game in segmented markets to measure the effects of MERCOSUR on the pricing of “nonmember” exports to Brazil: As Brazil exempts its MERCOSUR partners from tariffs, the resulting competitive pressure leads other exporters to reduce their prices. Working with detailed data on unit values and tariffs we find that the creation of MERCOSUR was associated with significant declines in the prices of nonmembers' exports to the region.