Watta Satta: Bride Exchange and Women's Welfare in Rural Pakistan
研究巴基斯坦农村的换婚习俗（瓦塔萨塔）是否通过家庭间的相互威慑降低婚姻冲突，发现该习俗确实减少了分居、家暴和妻子心理健康问题，但需纠正选择偏差后才能观察到。
Can marriage institutions limit marital inefficiency? We study the pervasive custom of watta satta in rural Pakistan, a bride exchange between families coupled with a mutual threat of retaliation. Watta satta can be seen as a mechanism for coordinating the actions of two sets of parents, each wishing to restrain their son-in-law. We find that marital discord, as measured by estrangement, domestic abuse, and wife's mental health, is indeed significantly lower in watta satta versus “conventional” marriage, but only after accounting for selection bias. These benefits cannot be explained by endogamy, a marriage pattern associated with watta satta.