When Does Tax Avoidance Result in Tax Uncertainty?
研究了避税与税收不确定性的关系，发现避税企业（现金有效税率较低）同时期记录的未确认税收优惠更多，即税收不确定性更大，且这种关系在频繁申请专利和拥有避税天堂子公司的企业中更强。
ABSTRACT We investigate the relation between tax avoidance and tax uncertainty, where tax uncertainty is the amount of unrecognized tax benefits recorded over the same time period as the tax avoidance. On average, we find that tax avoiders, i.e., firms with relatively low cash effective tax rates, bear significantly greater tax uncertainty than firms that have higher cash effective tax rates. We find that the relation between tax avoidance and tax uncertainty is stronger for firms with frequent patent filings and tax haven subsidiaries, proxies for intangible-related transfer pricing strategies. The findings have implications for several puzzling results in the literature.