Participation in the National Flood Insurance Program: An Empirical Analysis for Coastal Properties
分析了沿海地区房产参与国家洪水保险计划的情况，发现参与率为49%，价格弹性低，但强制购买要求提高了参与率，放松条件可能不会减少防洪措施。
Abstract A perennial question about the National Flood Insurance Program is: how can participation be increased? An empirical analysis of individual‐level data reveals that in a sample of coastal areas the participation rate is 49 percent of eligible properties. Participation responsiveness to price is inelastic, but it has been increased by the mandatory purchase requirements for mortgage borrowers. Easing conditions for participation in the program would probably not reduce flood control measures, such as seawalls, which may degrade beach conditions and coastal ecosystems.