PAY, TECHNOLOGY, AND THE COST OF WORKER ABSENCE
研究从均衡视角出发，利用法国员工-企业匹配数据，发现采用准时制技术的企业缺勤的隐性成本更高，但总体经济成本很低。
Conventional studies of absenteeism concentrate on labor supply. An equilibrium approach, however, establishes that the shadow cost of absenteeism varies across firms that operate different technologies. Using an unusual employee/employer matched data set from France, which records both individual worker absenteeism and information about technology, we show that firms operating just‐in‐time technology have higher shadow costs of absence than firms that do not. The estimates are used to calculate the economy‐wide cost of absence, which turns out to be very low.