Chinese import competition, offshoring and servitization
利用丹麦和葡萄牙的企业-员工匹配数据，研究发现中国进口竞争促使制造企业向服务业扩张（部分服务化）、增加离岸外包和退出市场的概率，但不会导致完全转向服务业。
Abstract We study how domestic firms adapt to increased import competition from China. Using a Danish employer‐employee matched dataset covering firms over the 1995–2007 period, we find that import competition significantly increases manufacturing firms' expansion of their business activities in the service industry (partial servitization); their probability of offshoring production activities abroad and of exiting the market. Import competition, however, does not induce firms to cease all of their involvement in manufacturing production by completely switching into service sector (complete servitization). These findings are confirmed using various robustness tests as well as an analogous analysis of a Portuguese employer‐employee matched dataset.