Leadership and business model innovation in late internationalizing SMEs
研究了中小企业CEO在国际化过程中如何通过指令型或赋能型领导风格推动小规模或大规模商业模式创新，发现指令型领导有助于及时进入外国市场，而赋能型领导则促进大规模创新以增加国际销售。
Drawing on the distinction between small-scale and large-scale business model innovation, and between directive and empowering leadership, we examine how CEOs in SMEs lead business model innovation during the process of internationalization. Building on eight cases of Japanese manufacturing SMEs, we develop a theoretical framework pointing to two different patterns in the articulation between CEO leadership style and business model innovation. We show that small-scale business model innovation led by directive leadership results in a timelier foreign market entry. However, in order to increase international sales, large-scale business model innovation is required. This is facilitated by an empowering leadership style of the CEO.