Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture: Level, Inequality, Progress, and Impact on Productivity and Efficiency
利用孟加拉国全国代表性面板数据，研究了农业中女性赋权的水平、不平等和变化，发现赋权得分上升但仅前40%家庭达标，女性劳动投入提高生产力，赋权提升效率。
This paper examines level, inequality, and change in women’s empowerment in agriculture and its impact on crop productivity and efficiency using a nationally representative Bangladesh Integrated Household Survey (BIHS) of 5,780 and 6,195 households from the same villages in Bangladesh in 2012 and 2015 conducted by International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). Results reveal that although women’s empowerment score increased significantly from 0.64 to 0.73 between 2012 to 2015, only the top 40 per cent of households have an adequate level of women’s empowerment in agriculture, that is, scored above the threshold level of 0.80. The gender-gap in empowerment also reduced significantly from 0.23 to 0.20 during the same period. Female labour input significantly increases productivity. Both women’s empowerment in agriculture and a reduction in the gender-gap in empowerment significantly increase production efficiency as expected. Efficiency is significantly lower in the Feed the Future Zone. However, female labour use and female education significantly reduce efficiency although the effects are relatively small. The findings argue for policies specifically targeting women to enhance women’s empowerment in agriculture and reduce the gender-gap in empowerment.