Too Much Data: Prices and Inefficiencies in Data Markets
研究发现用户数据共享会泄露他人信息，导致数据价格偏低和过度共享，平台竞争无法改善问题，而中介式数据共享方案能提升效率。
When a user shares her data with online platforms, she reveals information about others. In such a setting, externalities depress the price of data because once a user's information is leaked by others, she has less reason to protect her data and privacy. These depressed prices lead to excessive data sharing. We characterize conditions under which shutting down data markets improves welfare. Platform competition does not redress the problem of excessively low data prices and too much data sharing and may further reduce welfare. We propose a scheme based on mediated data sharing that improves efficiency.