Peers in the Field: The Role of Ability and Gender in Peer Effects among Agricultural Workers
研究美国农业工人中同伴效应的影响，发现同伴生产力提高10%可使工人生产力提升2.8%，且效应受工人和同伴的能力与性别调节，慢速工人有负面溢出效应，工人对相似能力和性别的同伴反应更强。
This article presents evidence on peer effects among U.S. agricultural workers. On average, we find that a 10% increase in peer productivity increases focal worker productivity by 2.8%. This effect is modified by the ability and gender of workers and peers. Exceptionally slow workers are least responsive to peers and have pronounced negative spillovers on the productivity of their coworkers—their presence decreases productivity by 2%. Male workers are more responsive to their peers than female workers—a 10% increase in peer productivity increases the productivity of men by 3% and women by 2.6%. Workers are also generally more responsive to peers of similar ability and gender. Workers increase their speed the most when in the presence of peers with abilities just above their own. Male workers are more responsive to male peers than female peers, and female workers are more responsive to female peers.