Engineering Resilient Systems: Achieving Stakeholder Value Through Design Principles and System Operations
本文提出一个原则-手段-目的框架，帮助工程管理者与利益相关者、运营者和设计师沟通韧性设计原则与运营角色，以应对系统未来不确定性并实现价值。
Engineering managers work with system designers, system operators, and stakeholders who value the system's performance and seek to deliver stakeholder value. Engineering resilient systems is an emerging research field since all systems face future uncertainties including new missions, new requirements, unplanned environments, and unplanned events that cause disruptions during operation. The ability of a system to provide stakeholder value depends on the system design and the ability of the system operator to react to the disruption(s). A resilient design offers options to respond to new missions, environments, and disruptions through system automation or operator actions. The engineering resilience literature uses overlapping definitions. It does not adequately distinguish between resilient design principles and the means they provide for operators to respond to mission disruptions and the ability to modify the system for new missions. This article uses the engineered systems resilience literature to provide a clearer lexicon. It then proposes a framework, the principles-means-ends diagram, for engineering managers to communicate with stakeholders, operators, and designers about the benefits of engineered systems’ resilience, the opportunities for designers to use resilience design principles to create more resilient designs, and the roles of the operators in achieving resilience during operations. We propose a principles-means-ends diagram for resilient engineered systems, which provides a holistic view for designers, operators, and stakeholders to visualize how their actions connect to others and encourages communication between them to create a more resilient engineered system.