Synergy and policy-making in German innovation systems: Smart Specialisation Strategies at national, regional, local levels?
研究利用三重螺旋指标评估德国创新系统的协同性，发现创新集中在区域和地方层面，制造业创新系统比知识密集型服务业更不区域化，且东西德差距持续存在，为RIS3政策制定提供依据。
Tools for Smart Specialisation Strategy (RIS3) development to assess at which territorial level innovation is concentrated and how innovation systems compare across regions and sectors remain scarce. The triple helix indicator is a data-driven tool that can serve in RIS3 development to assess synergy in innovation systems based on readily available data sets. For Germany, we find strong decentralization with innovation system synergy concentrated at regional and local levels. Innovation systems in manufacturing are less regionalized than in knowledge-intensive services. An East–West divide persists. RIS3 policy-making should account for decentralization by building capacity for region-specific RIS3 development at lower governance levels.