Employment polarization in regional labor markets: Evidence from the Netherlands
研究了1999至2012年荷兰就业极化的存在与程度，发现技术、国际贸易及区域特征共同驱动了就业增长的不对称极化，尤其对年轻工人影响显著。
Abstract This study investigates the existence and extent of employment polarization in the Netherlands between 1999 and 2012. We first determine an asymmetrically polarized employment growth nationally and in local labor markets, especially among young workers. Second, our dynamic panel system‐generalized method of moments instrumental variable approach documents that employment polarization is the combined outcome from the interplay between technology and international trade. Our analysis also uncovers novel insights considering the regional determinants of employment polarization; specifically, we demonstrate that employment growth is more likely to polarize in less densely populated regions and those with higher initial specialization in medium‐ and high‐skilled sectors.