The Choice between Renewables and Non-renewables: Evidence from Electricity Generation in 29 Countries
研究了人均收入和化石燃料价格如何影响29个国家（1985-2017年）发电中非可再生能源、核能、水电及其他可再生能源的使用，发现油价推动可再生能源使用，而收入是发展中国家的关键制约因素。
We examine how per capita income and relative fossil fuel prices influence the use of non-renewables (oil, coal and natural gas), nuclear, hydroelectric, and other renewables in electricity generation. Panel regressions are estimated using the fully modified ordinary least squares method and data across 29 countries (1985-2017).We include both developed and developing economies whose classification status is allowed to vary during the sample period depending on per capita income.Results suggest that oil prices play a dominant role in boosting the use of renewables, while gas serves as a transition fuel. For developing nations, income is a significant constraint in the use of renewables, while coal and gas prices do not significantly influence the use of hydro and nuclear. This finding supports a shift away from the exclusive use of pricing mechanisms towards set targets linked to per capita income to encourage the use of renewables in developing economies.