Missing Women in China and India over Seven Decades: An Analysis of Birth and Mortality Data from 1950 to 2020
估算了1950至2020年间中国和印度失踪女性的长期数量，发现印度失踪女性总数始终高于中国，但中国在减少出生后超额女性死亡方面进步更快。
This paper constructs long-run estimates of total missing women (including missing girls at birth and excess female deaths) in China and India over seven decades from 1950 to 2020. We find that the number of missing women in India has been higher than in China throughout the seven decades. Over time, missing girls at birth grew faster in China than in India, but China has made more rapid progress in reducing excess female deaths after birth. While the share of missing girls at birth in total missing women has risen since the 1980s, there has also been a shift in excess female mortality from younger to older age groups. Our estimated trends are consistent with key economic, social, demographic and technological events and developments in the two countries.