The state of work-based learning development in EU higher education: learnings from the WEXHE project
基于WEXHE项目报告，分析了欧盟七国四个学科领域工作本位学习实施差异、质量保障问题，并总结成功因素以促进其发展。
Globalisation, technological changes and the industry-to-service economy transition has produced dramatic changes in the labour market, thus affecting higher education. It is no longer sufficient to provide students with disciplinary knowledge. Graduates are also expected to be adaptive, innovative and flexible. As these competencies are better developed in connection with practice, this implies modifications in the learning design. In this context, work-based learning (WBL) emerges as a relevant approach as it provides students learning experiences oriented for the appreciation of work and practical knowledge. However, several issues still restrain its expansion in the European Union (EU). There is (i) a great disparity in WBL implementation among EU countries which relates to educational cultures, (ii) a concentration in certain disciplinary areas such as business and engineering, and (iii) a lack of quality assurance. Drawing on reports and materials produced by the Erasmus+ project Integrating Entrepreneurship and Work Experience into Higher Education (WEXHE), this paper explores these issues by identifying differences in the level of implementation as well as design and delivery of WBL in seven EU countries across four disciplinary areas. It then brings forward success factors and drivers instrumental to the further development of better WBL.