Output, investment and productivity: the Italian North–South regional divide from a Kaldor–Verdoorn approach
采用卡尔多-维尔多恩视角，利用面板结构向量自回归模型分析1980-2017年意大利宏观区域数据，发现南北地区在生产率增长和资本积累效应上存在差异，产出增长对中北部生产率影响更大，而投资效应在南部更强，强调了公共投资对落后地区的重要性。
This paper elaborates on the Italian North–South divide by endorsing a Kaldor–Verdoorn perspective. To assess the endogenous relationship between labour productivity, capital accumulation and output growth, panel structural vector autoregressive (P-SVAR) modelling is applied to 1980–2017 data on Italian macro-regions and areas. Findings show that territorial disparities exist in both the Verdoorn and the capital accumulation effects throughout the country. Output growth has a larger effect on productivity in the Centre–North, while the investment effect is stronger in the South. That stresses the relevance of public effort in stimulating both output and investment – therefore, productivity – especially in economically depressed areas.