Skin in the game: comparing the private and public regulation of isotretinoin
比较了药物异维A酸的私人与公共风险管理项目在预防胎儿发育不良影响上的效果，发现私人项目在减少怀孕和患者教育方面更成功，挑战了医学文献中认为私人项目需被取代的共识。
Abstract This paper engages in a comparative-institutional analysis of the private and public risk-management programs of the drug isotretinoin, which are designed to prevent the undesired effects isotretinoin has on fetal development. This case study sheds light on the comparative effectiveness of private and public regulation in the pharmaceutical and healthcare markets. A range of evidence indicates that the private risk management program successful in reducing pregnancies and educating patients about the harmful effects isotretinoin can have on a fetus. These findings challenge a consensus found in the medical literature that the private program needed to be supplanted and contain implications for future risk-management policy in healthcare.