Fatigue, personnel scheduling and operations: Review and research opportunities
综述运筹学文献如何衡量和建模疲劳及其对运营绩效的影响，并探讨缓解措施，适用于制造、建筑、运输、医院和服务等行业。
Work-related fatigue is a multidimensional phenomenon with significant effects on operational performance. Our work focuses on how the literature of operational research measures and models fatigue and its effects on operational performance, and on how it mitigates those effects. We position the literature of fatigue relative to that of work-rest scheduling, shift scheduling, multitasking, ergonomics, deterioration scheduling, and occupational health and safety. We classify the literature of fatigue across multiple dimensions: the methods by which it is identified and measured; the operational research methodology applied for fatigue prevention or mitigation; the flexibility allowed in work-rest scheduling and in shift scheduling; applications within manufacturing, construction, transportation, hospitals, and services; and the extent to which real data is used and results are implemented. Our work shows that operational research has contributed numerous effective algorithms and heuristic solution procedures to fatigue mitigation. We also identify several important research directions for operational research, to promote its broader and more effective use to identify and mitigate the effects of fatigue on operational performance.