The Extensive Margin of Exporting Products: A Firm-Level Analysis
构建一般均衡模型，利用巴西企业-产品-目的地数据估计市场进入成本，发现产品离核心能力越远生产成本越高，但市场进入成本存在范围经济，且在不同目的地差异显著。
To quantify trade frictions, we examine multiproduct exporters. We build a flexible general-equilibrium model and estimate market entry costs using Brazilian firm-product-destination data under rich demand and market access cost shocks. Our estimates show that additional products farther from a firm’s core competency come at higher production costs, but there are substantive economies of scope in market access costs. Market access costs differ across destinations, falling more rapidly in scope at nearby regions and at destinations with fewer nontariff barriers. We evaluate a counterfactual scenario that harmonizes market access costs across destinations and find global welfare gains similar to eliminating all current tariffs.