Skill of the immigrants and vote of the natives: Immigration and nationalism in European elections 2007–2016
研究了2007-2016年欧洲选举中，本地移民的技能水平如何影响本地人对民族主义政党的投票倾向，发现高技能移民减少民族主义投票，低技能移民则相反。
We analyze the impact of local immigration on natives’ preferences for “nationalism” as measured in parties’ programs by the Manifesto Project Database in European election data between 2007 and 2016. Using a 2SLS strategy with a shift-share IV based on immigrant shares by origin in 2005 and inflows by education-origin groups, we estimate that larger inflows of highly-educated immigrants were associated with a decrease in the “nationalistic” vote of natives, while less-educated immigrants produced an opposite-direction shift towards nationalistic parties. The aggregate results derive from individual shifts toward nationalism in response to less-skilled immigration, and from greater participation of young voters and more pro-European attitudes in response to high-skilled immigration.