The Effects of Sexism on American Women
研究性别歧视如何影响美国女性的劳动市场结果、婚姻和生育年龄，发现歧视对劳动市场差距重要，社会规范影响非劳动市场结果。
<h3>Abstract</h3> We examine the extent and channels through which reported sexism affects American women. Using a sample of internal migrants and an IV approach, we show that higher prevailing sexism where a woman currently resides adversely affects her labor market outcomes relative to men, increases marriage, and reduces childbearing age. We attempt to disentangle the roles of discrimination and norms by comparing the effects of male vs. female sexism and various percentiles of the sexism distribution. Overall, the findings are consistent with the importance of prejudice-based discrimination for labor market gaps, and social norms for women's non-labor market outcomes.