Networks, Barriers, and Trade
研究了一类包含国际生产网络和任意楔形扭曲（如加价、关税或名义刚性）的灵活贸易模型，用微观统计量刻画变量对冲击的一般均衡反应，可用于分解实际GDP和福利增长来源、计算反事实，并分析关税和冰山贸易成本增加的社会损失。
We study a flexible class of trade models with international production networks and arbitrary wedge‐like distortions like markups, tariffs, or nominal rigidities. We characterize the general equilibrium response of variables to shocks in terms of microeconomic statistics. Our results are useful for decomposing the sources of real GDP and welfare growth, and for computing counterfactuals. Using the same set of microeconomic sufficient statistics, we also characterize societal losses from increases in tariffs and iceberg trade costs and dissect the qualitative and quantitative importance of accounting for disaggregated details. Our results, which can be used to compute approximate and exact counterfactuals, provide an analytical toolbox for studying large‐scale trade models and help to bridge the gap between computation and theory.