Effects of perceived productivity on study effort: Evidence from a field experiment
通过在线学习平台的田野实验，发现向学生提供关于努力回报的信息会改变他们的信念，进而影响学习努力程度，表明低成本信息干预能有效激励学习。
How does the perceived relationship between effort and achievement affect effort? To answer this question, I conduct a framed field experiment with a popular online learning platform. I exogenously manipulate students’ beliefs about returns to effort by assigning them to a control group or to treatments which provide information about returns to effort. Students update their beliefs towards the information and change their study effort in the same direction with the shifts in their beliefs. This result shows that low-cost information interventions can influence students’ beliefs about returns to effort and these beliefs are important components of their effort choices.