China's export growth and the China safeguard: threats to the world trading system?
研究中国加入WTO前美欧进口限制是否导致中国出口转向第三方市场，发现没有系统证据支持出口转移，反而有微弱证据显示限制对第三方市场出口有冷却效应。
Abstract Is there evidence from China's pre‐WTO accession period that newly imposed U.S. or EU import restrictions deflect Chinese exports to third markets? We examine this question by drawing on a newly constructed data set of U.S. and EU product‐level import restrictions on Chinese trade imposed between 1992 and 2001, and we estimate their impact on Chinese exports to alternative markets. We find no systematic evidence that the import restrictions imposed during this period resulted in Chinese exports surging to third markets. To the contrary, there is weak evidence of a chilling effect on China's exports to third markets.