Emboldening and Contesting Gender and Skin Color Stereotypes in the Film Industry in India, 1947–1991
研究了1947年印度独立后四十年间，主流宝莱坞电影如何强化肤色和性别刻板印象，而平行和区域电影如何挑战这些印象，基于制片人和演员的口述历史。
This article examines how the film industry influenced prevailing gender and skin color stereotypes in India during the first four decades after Independence in 1947. It shows that Bollywood, the mainstream cinema in India, shared Hollywood's privileging of paler skin over darker skin, and its preference for presenting women in stereotypical ways lacking agency. The influence of film content was especially significant in India as audiences often lacked alternative sources of entertainment and information. It was left to parallel, and often regional, cinemas in India to contest skin color and gender stereotypes entrenched in mainstream media. As conventional archival sources for this history are lacking, the article employs new evidence from oral histories of producers and actors.