And Yet It Moves: Intergenerational Mobility in Italy
利用税务行政数据估计意大利的代际收入流动性，发现流动性高于以往基于调查数据的研究，并揭示北部地区向上流动性更强，与学校质量、家庭稳定性和劳动力市场条件相关。
We estimate intergenerational income mobility in Italy using administrative data from tax returns. Our estimates of mobility are higher than prior work using survey data and indirect methods. The rankrank slope of parent-child income is 0.22, compared to 0.18 in Denmark and 0.34 in the United States. The probability that a child reaches the top quintile of the national income distribution starting from a family in the bottom quintile is 0.11. We uncover substantial geographical variation: upward mobility is much stronger in northern Italy, where provinces have higher measured school quality, more stable families, and more favorable labor market conditions.