Automated Enforcement of Irrigation Regulations and Social Pressure for Water Conservation
研究比较了自动灌溉违规警告和规范性家庭用水报告两种节水干预措施的效果，发现自动警告大幅节水但导致部分用水转移至非监管时段，而社会压力虽效果较小但全天有效。
This study evaluates two interventions for residential water conservation. Comparing households across an enforcement algorithm’s cutoff using a regression discontinuity design, we find that automated irrigation violation warnings cause substantial water conservation but also shift some consumption from regulated to unregulated hours within the week. In contrast, we show using data from a randomized experiment with the same customers that normative home water reports reduce water use by a much smaller amount, but that this social pressure is effective during all hours both before and after automating irrigation policy enforcement. Our findings highlight the merits of implementing multidimensional conservation programs.