Pre-Apprenticeship Training for Young People: Estimating the Marginal and Average Treatment Effects
本文评估英国针对失业青年的实习项目，用局部工具变量法估计其对学徒参与和就业的影响，发现年轻参与者成为学徒的概率提高，但对就业无显著效果。
Abstract This paper evaluates traineeships, a voluntary programme of work placement and preparation that aims to help young unemployed people in England compete for jobs and apprenticeships. Applying the method of local instrumental variables to administrative data, we estimate the marginal treatment effects on apprenticeship take-up and employment. The heterogeneous impacts are then aggregated to form an estimate of the average impact of treatment for all participants. The results suggest that, among younger trainees, participation increases the probability of becoming an apprentice and that this holds across the distribution of unobserved heterogeneity. For older trainees, we find no significant effect on the probability of becoming an apprenticeship on average but some evidence of a negative effect among those more resistant to participating. We find no effects on employment for either age group.