The skill-specific impact of past and projected occupational decline
利用瑞典男性工人的认知能力和非认知特质数据，研究发现职业就业增长在智力技能上呈现单调的技能偏向，即使存在中等工资岗位的极化衰退。低工资增长岗位的员工拥有更多这些技能，而衰退的中等工资岗位员工则较少。美国劳工统计局的预测表明，这种关系短期内不会改变。
Using population-wide data on a vector of cognitive abilities and productive non-cognitive traits among Swedish male workers, we show that occupational employment growth has been monotonically skill-biased in terms of these intellectual skills, despite a simultaneous (polarizing) decline in middle-wage jobs. Employees in growing low-wage occupations have more of these skills than employees in other low-wage occupations. Conversely, employees in declining, routine-task intensive, mid-wage occupations have comparably little of these skills. Employees in occupations that have grown relative to other occupations with similar wages have more intellectual skills overall but are particularly well-endowed with the non-cognitive trait “Social Maturity” and cognitive abilities in the “Technical” and “Verbal” domains. Projections from the US Bureau of Labor Statistics about future occupational labor demand do not indicate that the relationship between employment growth and skills is about to change in the near future.