The Boss is Watching: How Monitoring Decisions Hurt Black Workers
研究发现雇主对黑人劳动者的监控行为导致其就业时间更短、被解雇风险更高，且这种歧视性监控会自我强化，最终造成黑人劳动者终身收入更低、失业时间更长。
Abstract African Americans face shorter employment durations than similar Whites. We hypothesise that employers discriminate in acquiring or acting on ability-relevant information. In our model, monitoring Black, but not White, workers is self-sustaining. New Black hires were more likely fired by previous employers after monitoring. This reduces firms’ beliefs about ability, incentivising discriminatory monitoring. We confirm our predictions that layoffs are initially higher for Black than non-Black workers, but that they converge with seniority and decline more with the Armed Forces Qualification Test for Black workers. Two additional predictions, lower lifetime incomes and longer unemployment durations for Black workers, have known empirical support.