Ongoing customization in project-based organizations
研究了项目型组织如何通过常规流程和两种管理方法（结构式与关系式）反复高效地为客户提供定制化解决方案，并探讨了有意识学习在平衡稳定与变化中的作用。
Abstract This study examines the processes and structures that enable organizations to generate repeatedly and efficiently customized solutions for clients. Case studies of project-based firms reveal that these organizations develop and employ routines to generate customized solutions. Analysis of these cases reveals two different approaches toward project management across organizations. The structural approach relies on managerial and formal processes guided by project leaders. The relational approach is based on social and informal mechanisms arising from project participants’ collaborative work experience. The stability and flexibility of routines enable organizations to carry out repeated patterns of action producing customized solutions. Deliberate learning builds a capability for managing the tension between stability and change in routines by transferring project-level experiences to organization-level routines for subsequent use across projects.