Disentangling the welfarism/extra‐welfarism distinction: Towards a more fine‐grained categorization
提出一个基于五个维度的新分类框架，用于更细致地区分健康评估中的福利主义与超福利主义方法，帮助研究者理解不同方法的规范与认识论差异。
In health economics, the distinction between welfarism and extra-welfarism has been employed to discuss various epistemological and normative differences between health evaluation approaches. However, a clear consensus on the definition of either welfarism, extra-welfarism, or the differences between the two sets of approaches has not emerged. I propose an alternative set of distinctions that allows for a more fine-grained categorization of health evaluation approaches. This categorization focuses on five dimensions: (1) the maximand of an evaluation approach, (2) its sensitivity toward normative concerns that defy compensation, (3) its position on which groups of individuals or collective entities act as sources of values, (4) its sensitivity to changes of mind, and (5) the inclusion of process-external values.