“Governing the Conduct of Computing: Computer Science, the Social Sciences, and Frameworks of Computing”
本文描述了计算机发展史上三种不同的计算框架，每种框架定义了人与计算机的理想关系，并影响了研发与商业应用。重点分析了人机交互和计算机支持的协同工作两个领域，并指出新框架可能随计算与媒体融合而出现。
Social science concepts and techniques have been bound up with computing since its earliest days. This relationship is described in terms of three distinct “frameworks of computing”, historically specific ways of understanding, working with and developing computer systems. Each framework has different understanding of the “real” and desirable relations between people and computers, and a concern that hardware and software shouldre flect these relations. They render some forms of computing thinkable and desirable, whilst ruling out others—to a considerable extent they govern the conduct of computing, in both basic R & D and in commercial and organizational development. The frameworks are not purely internal to the historical development of computing, but nor are they the direct effect of any single external factor. They also overlap with each other in different configurations within computing, and two such sites are described in more detail: human-computer interaction and computer-supported cooperative work. In conclusion, firstly some suggestions are offered for further research, in particular the possibility that new frameworks are being assembled as computing converges with the media industries; and secondly the form of analysis is presented as being complementary to many existing aproaches, through occupying a middle ground between traditional scientific and historical methodologies, and the emergent focus on contextuallity, difference and deconstruction.