What Do Employee Referral Programs Do? Measuring the Direct and Overall Effects of a Management Practice
在一家连锁超市随机引入员工推荐计划，发现推荐奖金增加推荐数量但降低质量，而计划整体使离职率降低15%并显著减少劳动力成本，主要源于非推荐员工因参与招聘而留任更久。
Employee referral programs (ERPs) are randomly introduced in a grocery chain. On direct effects, larger referral bonuses increase referral quantity but decrease quality, though the increase in referrals from ERPs is modest. However, the overall effect of having an ERP is substantial, reducing attrition by 15% and significantly decreasing labor costs. This occurs, partly, because referrals stay longer than nonreferrals, but, mainly, from indirect effects: nonreferrals stay longer in treated than in control stores. The most supported mechanism for these indirect effects is workers value being involved in hiring. Attrition impacts are larger in higher performing stores and better local labor markets.