TrackInFactory: A Tight Coupling Particle Filter for Industrial Vehicle Tracking in Indoor Environments
提出TrackInFactory系统，通过紧耦合粒子滤波器融合Wi-Fi与运动传感器，实现亚米级精度（平均误差0.81米），无需初始位置和航向信息，适用于工厂物流车辆跟踪。
Localization and tracking of industrial vehicles have a key role in increasing productivity and improving the logistics processes of factories. Due to the demanding requirements of industrial vehicle tracking and navigation, existing systems explore technologies, such as LiDAR or ultra wide-band to achieve low positioning errors. In this article we propose TrackInFactory, a system that combines Wi-Fi with motion sensors, achieving submeter accuracy and a low maximum error. A tight coupling approach is explored in sensor fusion with a particle filter (PF). Information regarding the vehicle’s initial position and heading is not required. This approach uses the similarity of Wi-Fi samples to update the particles’ weights as they move according to motion sensor data. The PF dynamically adjusts its parameters based on a metric for estimating the confidence in position estimates, allowing to improve positioning performance. A series of simulations were performed to tune the PF. Then the approach was validated in real-world experiments with an industrial tow tractor, achieving a mean error of 0.81 m. In comparison to a loose coupling approach, this method reduced the maximum error by more than 60% and improved the overall mean error by more than 20%.