The Perceived Fairness of Active Representation: Evidence From a Survey Experiment
通过调查实验，研究了公众对教育领域女教师帮助女学生和警务领域白人警察优待白人公民这两种主动代表性行为的公平性判断，发现不同性别和种族群体的评价存在显著差异。
Abstract Representative bureaucracy has been investigated empirically and debated normatively, but there exists little evidence about how the general public views representative bureaucracy—especially the legitimacy of active representation. Using a survey experiment, this article explores people's fairness judgments of active representation in two important social and policy contexts: education and gender, and policing and race. Results from an online sample of U.S. adults show that, in the case of education, a female teacher helping a female student was judged to be unfair, with the negative effect mainly coming from the male respondents in the study. In the case of policing, a white officer acting favorably toward a white citizen was judged to be unfair, with the negative effect driven largely by black and Hispanic respondents in the study. Implications for representative bureaucracy theory and research, as well as policy and practice, are discussed.