Gender differences in solo self‐employment: Gendered flexibility and the effects of parenthood
基于爱尔兰劳动力调查数据，研究发现自雇女性比自雇男性和工薪女性更可能减少工时、在家工作，且灵活性因素对女性成为自雇者的影响更大，有学龄前儿童的自雇父母性别差异最显著。
Abstract With greater flexibility and control over the timing and conditions of work, solo self‐employment (without employees) is seen as offering a potential solution to work‐family conflict. This study examines whether this flexibility manifests itself in gendered trends among the self‐employed as self‐employed women undertake a larger share of unpaid domestic and caring work compared to their male and wage‐and‐salaried counterparts. The findings are based on data from the Irish national Labor Force Survey. We find that self‐employed women are more likely to work reduced hours, to work from home and for reasons associated with caring or family responsibilities than both self‐employed men and women in wage‐and‐salaried work. Flexibility factors are stronger determinants of self‐employed status for women than men. While gender differences exist regardless of parental status, they are widest among self‐employed parents of preschool children.